Rudy Giuliani america’s mayor an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Rudy Giuliani america’s mayor ABSTRACT Former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani exemplified the spirit of resolve in the face of overwhelming odds and one of the most awful terrorists attacks in United States History. Rudy Giuliani has managed to exemplify courage as he fought crime in New York City in the 1990s; fighting the drug dealers and members of the organized crime as hard as he fought do-nothing appeasers of such behavior within the city itself. Giuliani, once criticized for his actions in this area, has some of the lowest statistics on crime ever seen in the city in which to silence his critics. Also, his actions during the attack The World Trade Towers and his ability to put into words and actions, the resolve of the city and even the country against such ideologies of hate, has forever cemented himself as a permanent leader and one who will attract votes based on his leadership qualities, making him a formidable candidate in the 2008 Presidential election. Need essay sample on "Rudy Giuliani americas mayor" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Rudy Giuliani was born in Brooklyn to working class children of Italian immigrants in 1944. At that time, his family had connections to organized crime and his father Harold, spent time in Sing Sing prison for assault and robbery and served as a mafia enforcer during the late 1950s. This connection that his family would have to organized crime would work in Rudys favor in his later years as a politician. Rudy was never associated directly with any illegal activity. However, when it came to freeing New York City of the impediments which organized crime had on the city, Rudy was fearless in that pursuit and highly effective. Giuliani did very well in school and rose quickly in the ranks, eventually graduating cum laude from New York University School of Law in 1968. In 1970, Giuliani joined the Office of the US Attorney and in 1973, was named the Chief of the Narcotics Unit and eventually served as the United States Attorney. From 1977 until 1981, Giuliani practiced law but was called back into politics with the start of the Reagan Administration in 1981 which placed him as the third highest ranking officer in the Department of Justice. (Siegel, 2005. pg. 32) As Associate Attorney General, Giuliani first began his national prominence as he used this position as a stepping stone in order to earn the position of US Attorney for the Southern district of New York. It was here that Giuliani took part in some high profile cases in which the Attorney General took a hard line against the lingering organized crime element of New York City. In the Mafia Commission Trial of 1985-1986, Giuliani indicted eleven organized crime figures on charges of extortion, labor racketeering and murder for hire. Anthony Fat Tony: Salerno, who was seen as the head of the Genovese crime family, was one of Giulianis biggest catches and he was sentenced to 100 years in jail for his illegal dealings while in the mob. Giuliani would use this as a stepping stone for his run for mayor of the city of New York. In 1993, after a previous failed run for mayor, Rudy Giuliani became the mayor by a slim margin of only 53,000 votes. He became the first Republican to win the office since John Lindsay won the office in 1965. (Burns, 2003) It would be as the mayor of New York City that the name of Rudy Giuliani is most well known. This certainly is for his role in the days of 9/11 and its aftermath but he was also able to make a name for himself in the years before 9/11. Crime in the 1980s among all of the major cities in the country was one of the major problems. In New York City, and specifically in Manhattan, crime took a corrective plunge while Giuliani was mayor. The crime families had taken a hard hit and Giuliani made no mistake, crime would be one of the problems on his list of priorities. Giuliani was able to clean up the city to a large part, due to his ruthless pursuit of his goals; a pursuit which turned off many people as well. Former New York Mayor Ed Koch said: He is a good mayor, but he will never be a great one. He cannot accept disagreement. When it happens, he wants to destroy you.(Burns, 2003) It seemed however, that this is what the people of New York wanted and in 1997, Giuliani won a second term as Mayor of New York. Before the attack on the World Trade Towers, Rudy Giuliani was known as a crime fighting mayor. However, when the attack on New York on September 11, 2001 occurred, it was Giuliani that was seen as Americas Mayor as he helped to keep the country and the city together by his stance that New York will rebuild and that the terrorists will not stop American and their love of freedom. It was the scenes of the mayor walking through the streets as people were jumping from the World Trade Towers and his care and concern for the people of New York, that his approval ratings in the weeks after the attacks, reached 79%. It was the people who might not have agreed with his policies but who saw him as a leader and at that time in the history of New York that is what was placed as the highest of importance within the people of New York. It has been more than five years since Rudy Giuliani has left politics, yet he still remains high in the perceptions of not only the people of New York but for Americans as well. With the mayor looking to run for the presidency, despite the fact that he is among nine other Republican candidates, he and Senator John McCain are the two men to beat. This comes from the leadership qualities that the mayor has and which the American people believe, is needed in this time of war. Will this equate into a successful run for the presidency in 2008? It is hard to tell. Giuliani is at odds with his Republican base on issues such as immigration, homosexuality, gun control and abortion to name a few. However, he still leads in many of the polls within the Republican base because of his leadership qualities. Republicans who might not vote for him due to their disagreement on the social issues, still regard the mayor as a leader and one whom they wished that they could agree with on the social issu es. Rudy Giuliani is a leader in two areas of his political life: His fight on crime in the 1990s and his actions during the attacks on 9/11. Giuliani aggressively attacked crime in the city and said when he was criticized for his ruthless attack on the citys crime: People can do anything that they want, be anything that they can be. Freedom is about the willingness of every single human being to cede to lawful authority a great deal of discretion abut what you do and how you do it. (Siegel, 2005 pg. 195) Giuliani was able to break the backs of the crime families in New York City and it was estimated that he saved the city more than $600 million through these efforts. (Siegel, 2005 pg. 277) These were the first actions which helped to propel Giuliani into the spotlight and which caused him to have many admirers both within the city and in the entire country. However, most people remember Giuliani was the mayor of New York at the time of the attacks on the World Trade Center. America has become a very image consciousness society. The average American is consumed with thousands of images on the television and with other forms of electronics and technology. People remember what they see more than what the read and as a result, those who saw, in the days during and after the attacks as well as in follow up stories in the years to follow, the mayor walking around the city as the two towers were still erect. There was no way of knowing whether or not there would be further attacks on the city and if the mayors life was in danger. This did not seem to matter to the mayor and he went down to ground zero himself while there might have been more attacks to come in order to survey for him, the damage that the city had taken. People, who might have agreed with him on various stances, were able to forgive him and offer their support during this most troubling time. Also, the mayor was highly protective towards New York. When Saudi Prince Alwaleed bin Talal criticized America and said that their stance in support of Israel and other policies in the Middle East invited these attacks and then the Prince offered $10 million in support for the city, the mayor refused the gift. He responded by saying: There is no moral equivalent for this terrorist act. There is no moral justification for it I think that this happened because people were engaged in moral equivalency in not understanding the differences between liberal democracies like the United States, like Israel, and terrorist states and those who condone terrorism. So I think not only are those statements wrong, they are part of the problem. (Burns, 2003) Such statements and examples of the ideology of the mayor, has helped him to reach an almost iconic stance among those in New York and around the country who feel that Americans war on terrorism is one of the most pressing issues in the country and the world today. In the end, the mayor was a symbol for the resolve that the people of New York had and he expressed this resolve on many occasions: :Tomorrow New York is going to be here. And were going to rebuild, and were going to be stronger than we were before. I want the people of New York to be an exa mple to the rest of the country, to the rest of the world that terrorism cannot stop us. (Siegel, 2005 pg. 304) In these efforts, Rudy Giuliani has been seen as Americas Mayor. He is hoping that will be enough to propel him into the presidency in 2008. WORKS CITED Burns, R. ( 2003) The History of New York Chapter Eight.: New York: Time Warner 2003 Siegel, F.(2005) The Prince of the City: Giuliani , New York and the Genius of American Life. New York: Encounter Books.

Japanese Loan Words

Japanese Loan Words Japanese Loan Words Japanese Loan Words By Sharon Whenever you encounter another culture, each culture takes something from the other. So it is with English and Japanese. Each language has borrowed from the other. In the case of English, theres a long list of borrowings. Some of these have no direct English equivalent and describe inherently Japanese concepts. Others come from Japanese via Chinese. Here are a few examples: Adzuki a type of bean Anime Japanese animation (interestingly, this word originated from the English/French word animation) Bonsai tray gardening Dojo a martial arts training ground Futon a type of mattress Geisha female entertainers Haiku a form of Japanese poetry consisting of three lines, with 5, 7 and 5 syllables respectively. Hara Kiri ritual suicide Honcho squadron leader Jujitsu martial art meaning soft skill Kabuki Japanese theatre Kamikaze strong wind (refers to suicide pilots) Kanji A Japanese writing system; refers to the Chinese characters used Karate martial art meaning empty hand Kimono a full length robe Ninja a stealthy warrior Origami folding paper Rickshaw a human powered vehicle Sake rice wine Samurai a warrior Satsuma a type of orange Seppuku ritual suicide by cutting the abdomen Soy a bean Sumo a type of wrestling Sushi rice combined with other ingredients Tofu bean curd; this word is of Chinese origin Tsunami a huge wave (incorrectly called a tidal wave). Zen a branch of Buddhism Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 101Confused Words #3: Lose, Loose, Loss8 Great Podcasts for Writers and Book Authors

Siege of Fort Ticonderoga in the American Revolution

Siege of Fort Ticonderoga in the American Revolution Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - Conflict Dates: The Siege of Fort Ticonderoga was fought July 2-6, 1777, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). Armies Commanders: Americans Major General Arthur St. Clairapprox. 3,000 men British Major General John Burgoyneapprox. 7,800 men Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - Background: In the spring of 1777, Major General John Burgoyne devised  a plan for achieving victory over  the Americans. Concluding  that New England was the seat of the rebellion, he suggested separating  the region from the other colonies by advancing down the Hudson River corridor while a second column, led by Colonel Barry St. Leger, moved east from Lake Ontario. Rendezvousing at Albany, the combined force  would drive down the Hudson, while  General William Howes army marched north from New York. Though the plan was approved by London, Howes role was never clearly defined and his seniority prevented Burgoyne from issuing him orders. Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - British Preparations: Prior to this, British forces under Sir Guy Carleton had attempted to capture Fort Ticonderoga.   Sailing south   on Lake Champlain in the fall of 1776, Carletons fleet was delayed by an American squadron led by Brigadier General Benedict Arnold at the Battle of Valcour Island.   Though Arnold was defeated, the lateness of the season prevented the British from exploiting their victory.   Arriving in Quebec the following spring, Burgoyne began assembling his army and making preparations for moving south.   Building a  force of around 7,000 regulars and 800 Native  Americans, he gave  command of his advance force to Brigadier General Simon Fraser while leadership of the right and left wings of the army went to Major General William  Phillips and Baron Riedesel.   After reviewing his command at Fort Saint-Jean in  mid-June, Burgoyne took to the lake to begin his campaign.   Occupying Crown Point on June  30, his army was effectively screened by Frasers men and the Native Americans. Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) -American Response: Following their capture of Fort Ticonderoga in May 1775, American forces had spent two years improving its defenses.   These included extensive  earthworks across the lake on the Mount Independence peninsula as well as redoubts and  forts on the site of the old French defenses to the  west.   Additionally,  American  forces built a fort atop nearby Mount Hope.   To the southwest, the height of Sugar Loaf (Mount Defiance), which dominated both Fort Ticonderoga and Mount  Independence, was left undefended as it was not believed that artillery could be pulled to the summit.   This point had been challenged by Arnold and Brigadier General Anthony Wayne during earlier stints in the area, but no action was taken.   Through the early part of 1777, American  leadership in the region  had been in flux as Major Generals Philip Schuyler and Horatio Gates  lobbied for command of the Northern Department.   As this debate continued, oversight  at Fort Ticonderoga fell to Major General Arthur St. Clair.   A veteran of the failed invasion of Canada as well as the victories at Trenton and Princeton, St. Clair possessed around 2,500-3,000 men.   Meeting with Schuyler on June 20, the two men concluded that this force was not sufficient to hold  the Ticonderoga defenses against a determined British attack.   As such, they devised two lines of retreat with one  passing south through Skenesboro and the other heading east toward Hubbardton.  Ã‚   Departing, Schuyler told his subordinate to defend the post for as long as possible before retreating.  Ã‚     Ã‚   Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - Burgoyne Arrives: Moving south on July 2, Burgoyne advanced Fraser and Phillips down the west shore of the lake while Riedesels  Hessians pressed along the east bank with the goal of attacking Mount Independence and cutting the road to Hubbardton.   Sensing danger, St. Clair  withdrew the garrison from  Mount Hope later that morning due to concerns that it  would be isolated and overwhelmed.   Later in the day, British and Native American forces began skirmishing with the Americans in the old  French lines.   In the course of the fighting, a British soldier was captured and St. Clair was  able to learn more about the size of Burgoynes army.   Recognizing the importance of Sugar Loaf,  British engineers ascended the  heights and covertly began clearing space for an artillery emplacement (Map). Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - A Difficult Choice: The next morning, Frasers men occupied  Mount Hope while other British forces began dragging guns up Sugar Loaf.  Ã‚  Continuing to work in secret, Burgoyne  hoped to have Riedesel in place on the  Hubbardton Road before the Americans discovered the guns on the heights.   On the evening of July 4, Native American campfires on Sugar Loaf alerted St. Clair to the impending  danger.   With the American defenses exposed to the British guns, he called  a council of war  early on July 5.   Meeting with his commanders, St. Clair made the decision to  abandon the fort and retreat after dark.   As Fort Ticonderoga was a politically important post, he recognized that the withdrawal would badly  damage his reputation but he felt that saving his army  took precedence.   Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - St. ClairRetreats: Gathering a fleet of over 200 boats, St. Clair directed that as many supplies as possible be embarked and sent south to Skenesboro.  Ã‚  While the boats  were escorted south by Colonel Pierse Longs New Hampshire Regiment, St. Clair and the remaining men crossed to Mount Independence before marching down the Hubbardton Road.   Probing the American lines the next morning, Burgoynes troops found them deserted.   Pushing forward, they occupied Fort Ticonderoga and the surrounding works without firing a shot.   Shortly thereafter, Fraser received permission to mount a pursuit of the retreating Americans with Riedesel in support. Siege of Fort Ticonderoga (1777) - Aftermath: In the Siege of Fort Ticonderoga, St. Clair suffered seven killed and eleven wounded while Burgoyne incurred five killed.   Frasers pursuit resulted in the Battle of Hubbardton on July 7.   Though a British victory, it saw the American rearguard inflict higher casualties as well as accomplish  their mission of covering St. Clairs retreat.   Turning  west, St. Clairs men later rendezvoused with Schuyler at Fort Edward.   As  he predicted,  St. Clairs abandonment of Fort Ticonderoga led to his removal  from  command and contributed to Schuyler being replaced by Gates.  Ã‚  Firmly arguing that his actions had been honorable and were justified, he demanded a court of inquiry which was held in September 1778.   Though exonerated, St. Clair did not receive another field command during the war.   Advancing south after his success at Fort Ticonderoga, Burgoyne was hampered by  difficult  terrain and American efforts to slow his march.   As the campaign season wore on, his plans began  to unravel following a defeat at Bennington and St. Legers failure at the Siege of Fort  Stanwix.   Increasingly  isolated, Burgoyne was forced to surrender his army after being beaten at the Battle of Saratoga that fall.   The American victory proved a turning point in the war and led to the Treaty of Alliance with France. Selected Sources: British Battles: Siege of Fort TiconderogaFort TiconderogaHistory Central: Battle of Fort Ticonderoga

RESEARCH ARTICLE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK - Phase #2 of the lit review Essay

RESEARCH ARTICLE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK - Phase #2 of the lit review paper - Essay Example 614) The researchers analyzed three motivation orientations (instrumental, required, and integrative) during preactional phase, in relation to expectancy (actional phase) and finally, self-evaluation in postactional phase. The results revealed that â€Å"within the EFL context in the current Chinese cultural environment, integration may not be a significant factor in motivating language learning effort† (Chen, Warden, & Chang, 2005, p. 622). The authors have illumined ESL educators of the relevance of cultural factors in motivating foreign students to learn English. As revealed, there is this noted Chinese Imperative motivator, which the authors indicated as â€Å"reflecting the emphasis on requirements that are internalized within the culturally specific context† (Chen, Warden, & Chang, 2005, p. 623). The emphasis placed on generating high scores in ESL exams to conform to the expectations of parents are the most crucial measure of a return on investment for learning English and has been recognized as the motivating factor for this particular culture. This study is relevant in one’s review particularly because it identified a cultural factor that assists in determining how students from other cultures could be motivated to learn ESL. One would thereby evaluate if this cultural preferences for high scores in the exams could be used to motivate ESL students in other cultures as a means to facilitate learning. The question guiding my literature review is: How crucial is cultural orientation in defining the motivational strategy to be designed by educators? Likewise, how effective are these strategies in enhancing ESL learning on a cultural context? Research question(s) OR Purpose of the study: The author aimed to determine â€Å"the motivation of Indonesian adolescents toward learning English over the first 20 months of junior high school† (Lamb, 2007, p. 757). Through employing mixed methods of questionnaires

Answer the Q Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer the Q - Essay Example However, there is a requirement of developing an environment facilitating communication before problem arises since different cultures have varying degrees of social acceptance in contradicting opinions from their employers. Nonetheless, employees can have a feeling of not contradicting opinions from their management, or the management be involved actively in the process of making opinions being heard, thus establishing difficulty of eliciting reduced performance of the employees. Therefore, this essay focuses on discussing the significance of communication in the workplace to an organization. There is need for a clear communication in writing or verbally, between the employees and employers in order to eradicate challenges created by cultural barriers (Olynk and Widmar, 2). Communication in the work place has a significant contribution towards the business since it facilities functions such as negotiations involved in getting into business deals. On the other hand, effective communication in the workplace enables increasing effectiveness in communicating with manager and stakeholders, employees and customers. Solving a problem related to a long-term shortage of clear communication is creation of awareness that is preceded by active steps aimed at improving communication that initiated for benefits of employees and operations in the organization. Thus, an effective communication process manages both uncertainty and anxiety amongst strangers resulting from lack of understanding of each cultural expectation at play. Therefore, lack an effective process of communication lead s employees’ isolation: especially strangers from different ethnic groups. Based on what elements people employ, they go on to develop various methods of communication. Some of them develop verbal means; while others develop non-verbal means. Non-verbal language that involve ways a person, stands or carries themselves, holding of their

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Essay Example for Free

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Essay The character Margaret is married to Brick, the son of Big Daddy. They live together in Big Daddys house, along with his wife, Big Mama. We, as readers learn a lot about her character from the way she speaks, by what is said about her and by the stage directions. We also gain a good insight into her relationships with the people around her. Margarets relationship with Brick comes across as quite bizarre. His lack of interest in what she has to say gives the impression that he doesnt care and also shows a slight lack of respect. For example, when Brick replies to Maggies first line in the play, he says Whad you say, Maggie? The stage directions prior to his response read A tone of politely feigned interest, masking indifference or worse. Other stage directions describing his attitude to Maggies statements share the same negativity; such as Without interest., Wryly, Absent mindedly, Dreamily, followed by sarcastic comments. We also get the impression that Brick doesnt find his wife as attractive as other men do. On page twenty-one, Maggie says Way he always drops his eyes down my body when Im talkin to him, drops his eyes to my boobs an licks his old chops! The fact that shes telling her husband how other men show interest in her comes across as a subtle hint to her husband that perhaps he should appreciate her more. Almost reassuring herself, as well as him that shes an attractive woman. Bricks response however doesnt seem like the reply she was looking for. He describes her talk as disgusting. Theres also a sense of insecurity on Maggies front. When she catches Brick staring at her, she asks him continuously what hes thinking when he stares at her like that. On page twenty-five, Maggie says I wish you would lose your looks This is a particular strange request to make of ones partner. It makes readers assume she doesnt want to be attracted to Brick any longer. This assumption is soon backed up with fur ther lines on page twenty-eight when the couple talk of the conditions Maggie has to follow in order for Brick to continue living with her. They also refer to their bedroom as a cage, giving the sense of entrapment. Margarets relationship with Mae seems strained and false. Maggies continuous insulting of Maes children gives the impression that they dont get along particularly well. The topic of children in Maggie and Bricks relationship also seems awkward. Mae seems to take a patronising tone with Margaret on page twenty-nine when she says Maggie, honey, if you had children of your own youd know how funny that is It seems that Mae is well aware of Maggies envy towards her for having children and likes to bring it up from time to time. Margaret often refers to Big Daddy when shes attempting to make Brick jealous. When she was talking of the man who was looking her up and down, she was talking of Big Daddy, Bricks father. She uses him as an example of a man who gives her attention to try and get Brick to do the same. She also talks of Big Daddy not getting along with Gooper, Bricks brother or Mae. On page twenty, she says Big Daddy dotes on you honey. And he cant stand Brother Man and Brother Mans wife Big Daddy is also supposed to be dying of cancer, therefore theres a lot of talk of who will be getting the large share of his will. Margaret is obviously very aware of her sexuality. On the first page of the play, a stage direction says She steps out of her dress, stands in a slip of ivory satin lace. She also cares a lot about her appearance and what Brick thinks of her. I feel this because of her asking Brick what he thinks of her when he looks at her and because of stage directions such as She adjusts the angle of a magnifying mirror to straighten an eyelash Her relationship with her husband seems one sided and cruel. It seems as thought she wants children and a happy marriage like her sister in law however its made obvious that Brick doesnt share the same passion. We know from the continuous talk of Big Daddys will that she has dreams of being rich. So far, Williams has made Maggie seem like a desperate, hurt character that covers her pain up with her loud personality.

Interpretation Alternatives of Shakespeares The Tempest Essay

Interpretation Alternatives of The Tempest      Ã‚   A production of The Tempest should emphasize the idealized methods in which Prospero uses magic to solve the problem of revenge which is so prevalent throughout his tragedies, perhaps the production might be a direct allegory for the magic of the theatre itself.     In this conception of the play, the scattering and bringing together of the characters in the script is significant in that theatre also could be said to bring people together and allow them to share in an experience of emotion, magic, and finally, of resolution. In this way the production could be used as a vehicle for conveying the idealistic virtues of forgiveness, compassion, and of course knowledge. In his book, A Buddhist's Shakespeare, James Howe draws attention to Prospero's epilogue saying, "In his epilogue this master, Shakespeare, has the character Prospero ask us, the audience, to confirm our collusion with both the master and his creature. Indeed the two relationships are reciprocal. We are asked to release Prospero from our "spell" by "prayer." Becoming white magicians, offering a supplication to God, we reenact the righteousness of Prospero's power, and thus confirm it. This confirmation, in turn, acknowledge's the power of Shakespeare's play to transform us into Prospero's image. We are not only to be consciously complicit in Prospero's character and action, but also to be fully aware of their author." (191) It seems to me that this final transformation in the audience is a very worthy goal to strive for in a production of this play. While being entertained by the magic and splendor of the production itself, I think it is possible for an audience to also be aware of the inherent ideals in the s... ...d truth in the story. While this would clearly be the most problematic interpretation of the script, perhaps it would also be the most effective by far for a modern audience which does not enjoy being preached at or having their truth force-fed to them in a boring, easily-understood, linear manner. Works Cited Cahn, Victor L. Shakespeare, The Playwright Praeger Publishers. Westport CT. 1996 Charney, Maurice. "Bad" Shakespeare Associated Univeristy Press. London, England. 1996 Howe, James. A Buddhist's Shakespeare Associated University Press. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. 1994 Hylton, Jeremy. Complete Works of WilliamShakespeare, Oct 4, 1999. Massachusetts Institute of Technology <http://tech-two.mit.edu/Shakespeare/works.html> Kathman, Dave. Dating The Tempest Personal site <http://www.clark.net/pub/tross/ws/tempest.html>    Interpretation Alternatives of Shakespeare's The Tempest Essay Interpretation Alternatives of The Tempest      Ã‚   A production of The Tempest should emphasize the idealized methods in which Prospero uses magic to solve the problem of revenge which is so prevalent throughout his tragedies, perhaps the production might be a direct allegory for the magic of the theatre itself.     In this conception of the play, the scattering and bringing together of the characters in the script is significant in that theatre also could be said to bring people together and allow them to share in an experience of emotion, magic, and finally, of resolution. In this way the production could be used as a vehicle for conveying the idealistic virtues of forgiveness, compassion, and of course knowledge. In his book, A Buddhist's Shakespeare, James Howe draws attention to Prospero's epilogue saying, "In his epilogue this master, Shakespeare, has the character Prospero ask us, the audience, to confirm our collusion with both the master and his creature. Indeed the two relationships are reciprocal. We are asked to release Prospero from our "spell" by "prayer." Becoming white magicians, offering a supplication to God, we reenact the righteousness of Prospero's power, and thus confirm it. This confirmation, in turn, acknowledge's the power of Shakespeare's play to transform us into Prospero's image. We are not only to be consciously complicit in Prospero's character and action, but also to be fully aware of their author." (191) It seems to me that this final transformation in the audience is a very worthy goal to strive for in a production of this play. While being entertained by the magic and splendor of the production itself, I think it is possible for an audience to also be aware of the inherent ideals in the s... ...d truth in the story. While this would clearly be the most problematic interpretation of the script, perhaps it would also be the most effective by far for a modern audience which does not enjoy being preached at or having their truth force-fed to them in a boring, easily-understood, linear manner. Works Cited Cahn, Victor L. Shakespeare, The Playwright Praeger Publishers. Westport CT. 1996 Charney, Maurice. "Bad" Shakespeare Associated Univeristy Press. London, England. 1996 Howe, James. A Buddhist's Shakespeare Associated University Press. Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. 1994 Hylton, Jeremy. Complete Works of WilliamShakespeare, Oct 4, 1999. Massachusetts Institute of Technology <http://tech-two.mit.edu/Shakespeare/works.html> Kathman, Dave. Dating The Tempest Personal site <http://www.clark.net/pub/tross/ws/tempest.html>